CFD Simulation of a Sedan Car Using Spoiler for Aerodynamic Drag and Lift Optimization

Utilizing aerodynamic additives extends beyond enhancing the vehicle’s appearance. A strategic selection of these elements significantly bolsters its efficiency, curbing fuel consumption and environmental impact. This study aims to leverage Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to scrutinize airflow around a lightweight vehicle outfitted with an adaptable spoiler-type attachment. Initially crafted via CATIA software, the Sedan-type vehicle model is transposed into ANSYS Fluent for a meticulous CFD assessment of its aerodynamic capabilities. The solution involves applying the Reynolds Average Navier Stokes (RANS) method alongside the k-ε turbulence model to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. The investigation presents comprehensive visualizations of aerodynamic data and intricate flow structures, pinpointing the most suitable design for a rear-installed spoiler. Notably, the introduction of a NACA-type spoiler, positioned 100 mm from the rear window, standing 100 mm tall, and set at a 0° angle of incidence, slashes drag by 0.5% and diminishes lift by 66%. This integration remarkably diminishes both drag and lift forces, ultimately heightening vehicle stability while concurrently mitigating fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.