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In this work a detailed metallographic analysis of squats is performed and assessed. The used rail samples with squats are taken from tracks of the Swiss Federal Railway (SBB). They involve different rail materials, track layouts as well as squats at various stages of their evolution. Consequently, early stage “mini” squats are examined. A fully-developed squat is opened along the crack face and several squats are sectioned in longitudinal or transversal direction. The sectioned cracks substantially help to understand the mechanism squat by creating a reconstruction of a squat below the rail surface. Furthermore, the residual stresses of one rail sample are analysed. The variety of investigations enables to obtain a detailed picture of squats and helps to find their root cause.

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On the Road Towards Understanding Squats: Metallographic Investigations of Rails

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Timna Gschwandl,
  • Angelika Spalek,
  • Thomas Antretter,
  • Werner Daves

摘要

In this work a detailed metallographic analysis of squats is performed and assessed. The used rail samples with squats are taken from tracks of the Swiss Federal Railway (SBB). They involve different rail materials, track layouts as well as squats at various stages of their evolution. Consequently, early stage “mini” squats are examined. A fully-developed squat is opened along the crack face and several squats are sectioned in longitudinal or transversal direction. The sectioned cracks substantially help to understand the mechanism squat by creating a reconstruction of a squat below the rail surface. Furthermore, the residual stresses of one rail sample are analysed. The variety of investigations enables to obtain a detailed picture of squats and helps to find their root cause.