On the Development of a Friction-Integrated Brush Tyre Model for Combined Slip Conditions

Previous research showed that the integration of realistic tyre-road friction characteristics into a brush model improves the accuracy of simulating tyre forces under pure slip conditions. Building on this finding, this paper explores the development of a simple friction-integrated brush-type tyre model for accurate simulation of combined slip conditions. A small passenger car tyre is used as the case study implementation, for which extensive experimental measurements were obtained from flat-track testing covering a range of combined slip sweeps (±12° and ± 25%) for vertical loads from 1000 to 4000 N. The friction characteristics were captured using an experimentally derived master curve. Simulation results show good agreement with experimental data over a broad range of operating conditions, highlighting the benefits of the integration of friction characteristics also for combined slip conditions.