A Semi-physical Multi-layer Tyre Temperature Model that Enables a Pragmatic Parameter Identification

This article deals with the enhancement of a previously developed tyre temperature model based on a multi-layer modelling approach for vehicle handling dynamics analyses. The enhancements include boundary conditions, modelling of internal heating mechanisms and especially the description of heat generation within the contact patch. Based on the proposed simple but effective modelling approaches, the dissipation power due to periodic deformation of the rotating tyre structure and sliding within the contact patch is described by information from steady-state tyre force characteristics only. All boundary conditions are modelled by semi-physical approaches to enable a pragmatic parameter identification, even by educated estimates if no measurement data is available. The parameter identification is discussed and the enhanced tyre temperature model is validated with measurement data from a tyre testing series. Measured temperature distributions of the outer surface of the tread, the inner liner and the sidewall including the tyre shoulder are presented. The model performance is analysed based on three different parameter sets, which differ in the considered quantity of measurement and tyre property data that is available for parameter identification. The applicability of the proposed model is demonstrated and the influence of parameter uncertainties on simulated tyre temperatures is analysed.