Reliability Guaranteed ARINC 429 Protocol for Critical Data Transmission

ARINC 429 is a well-established aeronautical communication used in the most active and retired aircraft series since the 1970s. Even in critical applications using ARINC 429, usually no other error detection method is used in addition to parity. It is common to find devices and sensors that do not use all 19 bits available on the ARINC 429 databus or also critical systems that use up to 12 bits to assure enough precision. This paper proposes the implementation of a Cyclic Redundant Check (CRC) + Freshness Counter (FC) inside the data payload for critical systems that require up to 12 bits of precision. A study of this possibility was performed and the CRC-5 code with the polynomial 0 \(\times \) 12 combined with 2 bits size FC is the best option to guarantee Hamming Distance (HD) = 3 and data freezing detection on ARINC 429 communication without the need for modification of the protocol structure.