Characteristics and Assessment of Pica in Individuals with Intellectual Disability

Following an overview of the topographies, risks, and prevalence of pica, this chapter focuses on the assessment of pica in individuals with intellectual disabilities. Considerations for assessment include (a) screening for pica during intake and/or at regular intervals for individuals in residential facilities; (b) assessment for specific medical conditions that may cause pica (nutrient deficiency) or that may result from pica (e.g., intestinal blockage); (c) rating the severity of pica; and (d) functional assessment to identify reinforcement contingencies maintaining pica. Direct functional analysis procedures and indirect questionnaires used in the functional assessment of pica are described.