Bifurcation of Ion-Acoustic Waves in Venus’ Upper Ionosphere

Bifurcation of ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) is studied for the upper ionosphere of Venus. The nonlinear wave solutions in a five-component plasma consisting of \(H^+\) and \(O^+\) ions, solar wind (SW) protons with Maxwellian distributed electrons are studied. Reductive perturbation technique (RPT) is applied to obtain the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. Planar dynamical system is formed for the KdV equation using the travelling wave transformation. Phase portrait is drawn and the corresponding nonlinear waves are analyzed. The effects of the physical parameters \(\alpha = n_{e0}/n_{O0}\) , \(\gamma \) = \(n_{H0}/n_{O0}\) , \(\beta = n_{se0}/n_{O0}\) , \(\delta = n_{sp0}/n_{O0}\) which are the unperturbed number density ratio for \(H^+\) ions, \(O^+\) ions and SW protons, \(\sigma _{se} = T_{se}/T_e\) , the temperature ratio of SW electrons to ionospheric electrons and V, the travelling wave speed are shown on the nonlinear waves.