Smart Strategies for Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Nanofluids with Complex Geometries for Optimal Performance

In this paper, we conducted an in-depth study on intelligent strategies to improve heat transfer by forced convection in a two-dimensional channel. We examined how various ribbed groove designs affected important parameters such as Nusselt number, friction factor, and PEC. The flow is turbulent in nature, with Reynolds values between approximately 4,000 and 10,000. To optimize the shape of the ribbed-groove channels we studied the effects of the channel inlet length on heat transfer. Furthermore, by modifying the volume fraction of the nanoparticles in the base fluid, we studied the effect of this modification. According to the simulation results, it is evident that the triangular ribs-ribs have the highest Nusselt number and when L1 = L2, the channel provides the optimal heat transfer. With increasing volume fraction, the Nusselt number also increases. These results provide important new insights into constructing efficient and successful forced convection systems using the properties of geometry and nanotechnology.