Frequency Reconfigurable Miniature Antenna for IoT and 5G Applications

Internet of Things (IoT) applications necessitate seamless integration with wireless communication technology for the swift availability of application data. This paper presents a novel three-band meander-shaped patch antenna, designed for frequency reconfiguration within a compact size, catering to 5G and Internet of Things applications. It is built on a Rogers RT-5880 substrate and covers the WLAN and WIMAX bands in three different frequency bands: 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, and 5 GHz. A PIN diode switching mechanism allows the antenna to be reconfigured by choosing the required operating frequency range based on the condition of the diodes. Three PIN diodes (BAR50-02V) from Infineon Technology were employed for this study. The antenna is designed using CST MWS software, featuring a total dimension of 20 mm × 10 mm × 1.57 mm (0.16 λ0 × 0.08 λ0 × 0.01 λ0 at 2.4 GHz) and gains of -8 dBi, −6 dBi, and −4 dBi at 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, and 5 GHz, respectively. These results were obtained through the CST MWS simulator. The antenna’s novelty lies in its compactness, ease of circuit integration, low cost, ease of manufacture, and frequency reconfiguration tailored for various IoT applications.