Adaptive DSR Metrics for Low-Energy LoRa Mesh Ad Hoc Routing: Theoretical Study on Forest Fire Detection

This paper presents a theoretical study aiming to enhance a DSR ad hoc routing algorithm on the LoRa physical layer within a mesh topology. The objective is to optimize sensor energy consumption and extend the network’s lifespan in environments facing challenges in data transmission due to interference and obstacles such as forests and smart cities. The proposed solution introduces new routing metrics, including sensor energy levels, RSSI values, and distance threshold limits dependent on the transmission environment. After simulating a mesh topology using CupCarbon, with a fixed distance threshold of 500 m between nodes, we observed a reduction in additional redundant links. This optimization aids in minimizing sensor energy consumption. Additionally, the incorporation of the RSSI threshold metric enables control over the transmitted signal quality. Similarly, having an improved path based on sensor energy levels enhances the lifespan of sensor networks and the resilience of the DSR algorithm based on LoRa mesh. Our study provides a basis for developing an efficient routing algorithm using energy-optimized language and operating systems. The findings can be utilized to address transmission challenges, particularly in environments with obstacles and interference, contributing to the overall enhancement of ad hoc routing in LoRa-based networks.