To reestablish urinary passage after removal of the bladder, there are various options for urinary diversion (UD), including conduits, cutaneous ureterostomy, orthotopic neobladder, and continent cutaneous urinary diversion (CCUD). Aside from bladder cancer, which represents a common malignancy with an incidence rate of 2.4/100,000 in women worldwide in 2020 [1] UD is also used in the management of advanced or recurrent pelvic malignancies as well as for benign indications as a salvage treatment strategy [2–4]. However, radical cystectomy, which is the standard of care for nonmetastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer, is associated with significant perioperative morbidity, and is the most common indication for UD [5, 6]. In general, incontinent UDs are used more frequently with an increasing trend in recent years. An ileal conduit is the most common form of incontinent UD across both genders, whereas an orthotopic neobladder is the most frequent variant of continent UD [7, 8]. Although it has been shown that an orthotopic neobladder is feasible in women under certain conditions, it is performed significantly more often in men [9]. For this reason, CCUD represents an important alternative, particularly in women, with the benefit of patients being dry immediately after surgery [10, 11]. In this chapter, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the history, different techniques, outcomes, and complications of CCUDs in women.

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Continent Cutaneous Urinary Diversion in Women

  • Jakob Klemm,
  • Malte W. Vetterlein,
  • Margit Fisch

摘要

To reestablish urinary passage after removal of the bladder, there are various options for urinary diversion (UD), including conduits, cutaneous ureterostomy, orthotopic neobladder, and continent cutaneous urinary diversion (CCUD). Aside from bladder cancer, which represents a common malignancy with an incidence rate of 2.4/100,000 in women worldwide in 2020 [1] UD is also used in the management of advanced or recurrent pelvic malignancies as well as for benign indications as a salvage treatment strategy [2–4]. However, radical cystectomy, which is the standard of care for nonmetastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer, is associated with significant perioperative morbidity, and is the most common indication for UD [5, 6]. In general, incontinent UDs are used more frequently with an increasing trend in recent years. An ileal conduit is the most common form of incontinent UD across both genders, whereas an orthotopic neobladder is the most frequent variant of continent UD [7, 8]. Although it has been shown that an orthotopic neobladder is feasible in women under certain conditions, it is performed significantly more often in men [9]. For this reason, CCUD represents an important alternative, particularly in women, with the benefit of patients being dry immediately after surgery [10, 11]. In this chapter, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the history, different techniques, outcomes, and complications of CCUDs in women.