Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in female patients undergoing pelvic surgery. This chapter discusses the epidemiology and risk factors for VTE. Recommended measures for VTE prevention are reviewed including chemoprophylaxis, mechanical prophylaxis, early ambulation, and the indications for extended chemoprophylaxis. The diagnosis of VTE with clinical assessment, laboratory, and imaging evaluation is covered. The management of VTE in the postoperative period is reviewed including anticoagulation and indications for inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement.