Diagnostic Performance of PET-Based Targeted Fusion Biopsy in Prostate Cancer

As medicine advances toward personalized precision medicine, there is a clinical need for a more specific and targeted diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC). Specifically, given the heterogeneous tumor biology of PC, there is a need to distinguish clinically significant cancers from indolent tumors. Advanced imaging techniques such as molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) aiming at specific targets such as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and promising new targets such as gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) might mitigate the shortcomings and risks of standard systematic template or multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-targeted prostate biopsy. This chapter explores this evolving alternative of PET-guided prostate biopsy utilizing different radiopharmaceuticals, targets, and biopsy techniques to evaluate its ability to identify clinically relevant PC. Finally, we will provide an outlook on ongoing trials and future perspectives.