Steroid and Non-steroid Immunomodulators

InflammatoryInflammatory skin disorders are a common problem encountered by dermatologists. There is a large and growing armamentarium of immunomodulatorsImmunomodulators aimed to address these conditions. Selecting the appropriate set of medications can greatly improve disease outcome and minimize side effects. However, the diversity of pharmacologic agents also means that options can be intimidating or overlooked. This chapter seeks to update the reader on immunomodulator options currently on the market and outline their strengths and side-effects. The immunomodulators discussed include topical, intralesional and systemic corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and pimecrolimus), oral PDE4 inhibitor (aprelimast), topical PDE4 inhibitors (crisaborole and roflumilast), and topical aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonistAgonist (tapinarof). Current formulations, common indications, dosing, and appropriate monitoring considerations are reviewed.