Annotated Outcrop Photographs: Volcanic Wet-Flow Deposits and Other Unconsolidated Volcanic Deposits
摘要
Comparison of outcrop photographs is an important additional tool for use in the field to aid in the tasks of deposit differentiation and identification. The collection of outcrop photographs in this chapter provides a basis for visual comparison. Images, mainly of vertical outcrop faces, are presented for all the deposit types described in this book—the four types of volcanic wet-flow deposits and the pyroclastic density-current, tephra-fall, and glacial deposits that can closely resemble them. These photos illustrate that each of these types of deposits has characteristics and features that are recognizable in outcrops, and key identification features are noted in the figure captions. Laboratory analysis also may be needed to make a final determination, but preliminary identification of flow type is often possible from only characteristics and features observed in the field. These selected outcrop photographs are not intended to show the full range of sedimentary textures, structures, and features to be found in these types of deposits. Instead, photographs were selected to highlight the similarities, as well as the differences, between all the main categories of unconsolidated volcanic and volcaniclastic deposits. Additional outcrop photographs can be seen in the process-specific chapters in the main text.