Deposits of volcanic water floods (VWFs) commonly comprise a significant proportion of the volcanic deposits on the lower edifice flanks and in downstream river valleys at many volcanoes. Following explosive eruptions, the availability of abundant fresh and loose volcaniclastic sediment typically leads to extreme sediment loading in rivers and thick sequences of deposits emplaced by multiple high-concentration VWFs in river valleys downstream of source volcanoes. VWF deposits are commonly interbedded with deposits of lahars, volcanic debris avalanches (VDAs), pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), and tephra fall (TF) on volcano flanks and debris aprons. The proportion of VWF deposits (relative to deposits of other types of flows) increases with distance away from the source volcano. Deposits of individual VWFs are commonly 1–5 m thick, whereas sequences dominated by VWF deposits from multiple floods can be up to hundreds of meters thick. Key features of VWF deposits include distinct plane-parallel bedding (commonly with other preserved bed forms), mainly sandy beds with gravel lenses, loose consistencies (friable/soft sand), minimal interstitial fines preserved in sandy units, mixing of juvenile particles with remobilized older bed material, and moderate sorting.