Interaction in English Language Learning

Interaction is common in second language (L2) learning both in and out of the classroom. Many consider interaction an essential element in L2 learning because interaction allows the development of communicative competence necessary for learners to use the L2 successfully in everyday tasks. This chapter aims to provide an overview of interaction, how it contributes to learning by directing learners’ attention to elements in the language, and what teachers can do with interaction to improve learning. The chapter focuses on three key constructs of interaction, namely input, negotiation of meaning, and output, and explores interaction in both classroom and technology-assisted L2 learning. This chapter begins by elaborating on the interaction concept and its relationship with L2 teaching and learning based on the Interaction Hypothesis (Long, 1996). This will be followed by discussing variables in interactional activities that teachers can manipulate to benefit L2 learning, with evidence from recent research and examples of classroom applications. The chapter ends with classroom research ideas about interaction.