In this study, materials CB-Y, CB-Z1 and CB-Z3 with different degrees of deacetylation were prepared from cuttlebone, a fishery waste, for the removal of Cd(II) from wastewater. The effects of key factors such as contact time, Cd(II) concentration and pH were explored for different working conditions.. Adsorption kinetics were fitted using Pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-second-order, Elovich and Intraparticle diffusion models, and adsorption isotherms were fitted using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. The experiments showed that the adsorption of Cd(II) by the three materials increased gradually with the increase of pH, and the maximum adsorption amount could reach 765.84, 783.22, and 809.07 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption equilibrium time was 120 h, and the adsorption all conformed to the proposed two-stage kinetic model and the Elovich model. The adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption amount increased with the Cd(II) concentration increased, and the adsorption all conformed to Langmuir model and Temkin model. The capability of Cd(II) adsorption is in the order of CB-Z3 > CB-Z1 > CB-Y, which indicated that the deacetylation operation improved the adsorption performance of the materials. Therefore, cuttlebone and its derived materials are biosorbents with good adsorption performance and have a promising application in the treatment of Cd(II)-containing wastewater.