Water resource carrying capacity is an important indicator for measuring the level of sustainable development in a region. In order to assess the water resource carrying capacity in a region, with Shaoxing City as the research object, a water resource carrying capacity evaluation index system was constructed by selecting 9 representative indicators from three aspects: water resource quantity, water resource intensity, and water resource quality. The Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to determine the weights of the indicators, and the cloud model was introduced to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of water resource carrying capacity based on AHP-cloud model. This model was applied to evaluate the water resource carrying capacity of Shaoxing City in 2018. The results indicate that the overall water resource carrying capacity of Shaoxing City in 2018 was in a “good” state, with only the water resource carrying capacity in the urban area of Shaoxing City rated as “average”. Therefore, it is recommended to prioritize the construction of water network projects to enhance the water resource guarantee capability in the urban area of Shaoxing City.