Interplay Between Autophagy and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

The complex interplay between autophagy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly influences cancer progression. Cancer cells exhibit elevated levels of ROS due to factors like increased metabolic rates, oncogenic activation, and altered mitochondrial function. ROS plays a dual role in cancer biology, acting as signaling molecules at moderate levels but inducing cell death at elevated levels. Cancer cells adapt to high ROS environments through antioxidant mechanisms. Autophagy, a cellular process crucial for maintaining homeostasis, also plays a pivotal role in cancer by regulating ROS levels. Studies indicate that ROS can both induce and be regulated by autophagy, forming a complex feedback loop. The dysregulation of this interplay can contribute to tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. This book chapter explores the dynamic relationship between autophagy and ROS, and offers insights into potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. By targeting this interplay, novel approaches may enhance the effectiveness of current anticancer therapies and combat treatment resistance.