Clinical Trials and Future Prospects of Autophagy and ROS in Cancer

In the context of cancer, autophagy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as a double-edged sword as they have rather opposing functions for the proliferation of tumors and for the response to therapy. The cellular processes sharing the capacity to either suppress tumorigenesis and maintain cellular integrity or promote cancer cell survival in the harmful conditions have become also the paramount opportunities for highly effective treatment. Such studies in addition to the clinical trials now pay attention to the regulation of the autophagy–ROS axis involving the tumor cells giving place to the use of the drugs that either hamper or intensify the cancer breakup or function as immunotherapies. The domain of oncology has changed significantly, and near-futuristic “personalized healthcare” is an oncoming reality. Therefore, the markers that signify individual responses to drugs targeting these pathways ought to be identified. Hence, including drugs which modulate autophagy and ROS in designed treatment plans will be an alternative to the conventional technique, and this would overcome therapy resistance, improve patient outcomes, and usher in a new era of precision for cancer care treatment. This intricate dynamic surrounding autophagy, ROS, and cancer therapy denotes the possibility of the development of innovative strategies to be able to target these vital pathways, showing the great number of ongoing researches and innovations in this field.