Innovative Approaches to Preventing Childhood Obesity: The Contribution of Social Robots. A Systematic Review

Childhood obesity is a significant public health challenge. According to the World Health Organization, obesity and overweight are serious concerns. In the European region, almost one-third of children are affected by obesity-related issues. In Italy, the situation is particularly alarming, with 39% of children classified as overweight (including obesity) and 17% diagnosed with obesity. The use of digital tools has recently provided a more comprehensive view of patients’ health. Digital health offers tangible opportunities to enhance medical outcomes and increase efficiency. Social robots have garnered attention in the realm of digital health and disease prevention. Social robots enable natural engagement with humans through voice, gestures, or touch, unlike other forms of digital health such as mobile applications and virtual agents. Studies have highlighted the acceptance, potential, and value of social robots in pediatric healthcare. Consequently, social robots can serve as interactive guides, educational tools, and motivators, making them essential facilitators for effective disease management and prevention. This review explores experiments investigating the potential integration of social robots in childhood obesity prevention programs within the school setting. While prevention interventions can be implemented in various contexts, research suggests that schools represent an optimal environment for such interventions, particularly in primary education, showing promise in the fight against childhood obesity and the promotion of healthy lifestyles.