Role of Graphene-Anchored Stable Compounds for the Sustainable Photocatalytic Activities for the Removal of Hazardous Compounds in Medicinal Waste

Environmental pollution is a very dangerous issue due to the cause of rapid urbanization and over population in India. The pollutants derived from the fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, organic compounds and industrial effluents were the major sources in the respective regions. Hence, the combination of these diversed compounds and their degradation in our dense environment is very tough. To overcome this challenge, there should be unique materials consisted with unique properties. The graphene-based compounds have found as the exciting materials for the scientists to explore more properties and methods to eliminate the existing pollutants. The graphene derivatives exhibited exceptional crystal and electronic properties and emerged as a photocatalytic material due to their stability, higher surface area, charge transfer, adsorption capability, etc. All of its outstanding features have opened up new possibilities to the use of graphene in nano-devices and nano-systems, paving the way for its widespread applications as the photocatalytic materials. In addition to that the photocatalytic performance of graphene oxide can be enhanced by incorporating the metal oxides with two-dimensional materials due to its synergetic properties. The graphene composite made up of graphene derivatives with conventional photocatalysts enhanced the performance of extending the light absorption ability, photostability, pollutant adsorption, catalysis, etc. and makes it a suitable material for water and wastewater treatment. WHO defined the waste generated by health care activities, used needles and syringes to the soil, waste dressings, body parts, diagnostic samples, blood, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, radioactive materials, etc. Hence, this chapter affords the knowledge on environmental medicinal pollutant remediation using graphene-based compounds.