Graphene-Based Photocatalysts for Biomedical Applications

This chapter examines the diverse applications of graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) in biomedical applications, highlighting their roles in drug delivery, biosensors, imaging, and antibacterial applications. Graphene’s compatibility with biological tissues and its capacity to interact with cells emerge it as a notable material in biomedicine. The exceptional specific surface area and unique structure of GBNs enable strong adsorption capabilities and promising carrier functionalities. Furthermore, the modification of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with various substances enhances their water solubility, targeting capabilities, and biocompatibility. Once graphene-based photocatalysts are activated under ultraviolet (UV) or visible light, the targeted drug can release and localize in cancer therapy. Moreover, graphene and its derivatives have demonstrated antibacterial properties, making them valuable in tissue engineering. This chapter investigates into the strategies of covalent and non-covalent modifications for enhancing the water solubility, stability, and controlled release of graphene-based materials. Nonetheless, thorough evaluation of graphene effects on biological systems, along with considerations of toxicity and long-term efficacy, remains a critical area for ongoing research and development.