Advancements in Graphene-Based Photocatalytic Disinfection: Performance Enhancement, Integration, and Challenges

Graphene, a remarkable two-dimensional material, has garnered significant attention in recent years for its exceptional properties and diverse applications. Among its many potential applications, Graphene-based photocatalytic disinfection has emerged as a promising approach for sustainable and efficient pathogen inactivation. This chapter book provides a comprehensive overview of the utilization of Graphene in photocatalytic disinfection processes, focusing on its synthesis, modification, and application in the context of pathogen control. The chapter book begins with an introduction to the fundamental concepts of photocatalytic disinfection and the unique properties of graphene that make it a suitable platform for such applications. It discusses the various synthesis methods for graphene and graphene-based composites, highlighting their impacts on photocatalytic activity. The book explores the different strategies employed to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of Graphene such as incorporating metal nanoparticles, semiconductor materials, or organic sensitizers onto Graphene surfaces, heteroatom doping, surface engineering, and morphology engineering. A significant portion of the chapter book is dedicated to the detailed investigation of the disinfection mechanisms associated with Graphene-based photocatalysts. It delves into the interactions between Graphene-based materials and pathogenic microorganisms, elucidating the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and physical damage in microbial inactivation. The chapter also addresses the challenges and considerations specific to Graphene-based photocatalytic disinfection, including stability, scalability, selectivity, and environmental impact. The practical application of Graphene-based photocatalytic disinfection systems is a central theme throughout the chapter book. It explores case studies and experimental approaches that demonstrate the effectiveness of graphene-based materials for pathogen control in various settings, including water treatment, air purification, and surface disinfection. Moreover, the book discusses the potential integration of Graphene-based photocatalysts into existing disinfection technologies, highlighting their compatibility and synergistic effects. To ensure a holistic perspective, the chapter book also addresses safety considerations and environmental implications associated with graphene-based photocatalytic disinfection. It examines the fate and potential risks associated with the release of graphene-based nanomaterials and discusses proper disposal methods and risk assessment strategies. Finally, this chapter book provides a comprehensive and interdisciplinary exploration of graphene-based photocatalytic disinfection, encompassing the synthesis, modification, disinfection mechanisms, practical applications, and safety considerations. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and practitioners interested in harnessing the power of graphene for sustainable and efficient pathogen inactivation, with the ultimate goal of improving public health and environmental well-being.