An Economic Perspective of Graphene Based Photocatalysts

Photocatalysis has emerged as a crucial technology and has undergone extensive research in recent decades, particularly in the fields of energy and the environment. Despite significant progress in photocatalytic processes, there remain several obstacles that must be overcome to achieve optimal performance. One of the primary challenges is associated with mass transfer and low quantum efficiency, which have become major concerns when designing new photoreactors or improving existing ones. Researchers have been investigating various types of photocatalytic reactors, conducting analyses, and simulations to maximize the interaction between pollutants and catalysts for enhanced mass transfer, as well as improving lighting efficiency across the catalyst surface for enhanced photon transfer. This chapter delves into the economic considerations involved in implementing large-scale applications of photocatalytic degradation. It explores different design aspects such as scaling up the process, catalyst design considerations, equipment design, instrumentation, control measures, and Techno-Economic assessments. By addressing these factors, the goal is to optimize the economic feasibility and practicality of utilizing photocatalytic degradation in larger-scale applications.