Non-aqueous Electrolytes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Lithium-sulphur (Li–S) batteries are considered a promising energy storage device for electric vehicles due to their theoretical specific energy, which is five times higher than lithium-ion batteries (2600 vs. ~500 Wh kg −1). However, the practical use of traditional Li–S batteries is limited by the polysulfide shuttle effects of sulfur cathode and the dendrite formation of the anode. This review begins with a brief introduction to the fundamentals of Li–S batteries, followed by the challenges associated with traditional non-aqueous liquid electrolyte cells. Then, the progress achieved in optimizing electrolyte constituents, including various organic solvents, lithium salts, and electrolyte additives, is summarized. Finally, the opportunities and perspectives for future research in electrolytes for Li–S batteries are presented.