Plastics, ranging from macro- to nano-levels, have permeated global ecosystems, raising significant concerns about their environmental and health impacts. Pressure from NGOs and the public has catalyzed global consensus on the urgency of addressing plastic pollution, viewed increasingly as both an environmental crisis and a symptom of unsustainable economic models. The European Union (EU) has come up with numerous measures to, inter alia, curb single-use plastics, strengthen waste hierarchy regulations, and enhance extended producer responsibility. On a global scale, efforts lack coordination, hindering effective environmental protection, plastic leakage reduction, and circular economy implementation. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of key legal instruments within the international and EU frameworks addressing plastics across their life cycle—production, sale, consumption, and disposal—and plastic pollution. Emphasis is placed on identifying gaps for future legal interventions, especially amidst ongoing discussions for an international treaty on plastic pollution at the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA) and forthcoming EU regulations shaping future plastic governance.