Parasitic and Protozoan Skin Infections

Parasitic skin infections can cause severe itching and are mainly caused by arthropods (insects and mites). The most common cutaneous parasitic infections are scabies and pediculosis. Both are primarily diagnosed clinically, based on medical history and specific clinical presentation. In some cases, microscopic examination of skin scrapings, microscopic examination of hair, or a biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis. The first line of treatment is local antiparasitics. Systemic antiparasitic agents are available for widespread or persistent infestations. Protozoan infections are common causes of disease in tropical regions. Protozoa usually enter the body either through an insect bite or through infected food or water. The most important protozoan skin infection is leishmaniasis.