The ability to diagnose and treat retinal disease is dependent on a thorough understanding of the normal anatomy. In fact, a critical early milestone in the learning process is simply recognizing when something is not normal, regardless of what the abnormality actually is. This is a challenging task given the tremendous variability that exists among individuals. In Chap. 1 , the anatomy is reviewed from a clinical perspective, using common ancillary testing modalities to emphasize both normal and abnormal findings. A variety of conditions that impact the macula, peripheral retina, retinal and choroidal circulations, and vitreous and optic nerve are provided to highlight specific anatomical locations and structures.