Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation Driven by Polaritons

In our development aimed at assessing thermal radiation emitted along a surface or a film, the foundational groundwork has been laid in Chap. 1 . Here, we elucidate the fundamental concepts that govern the phenomena of thermal radiation and polaritons. As a crucial step, we establish the intrinsic link between these two mechanisms, grounded in the interplay among intrinsic dipoles, the electromagnetic field, and thermal radiation. Having provided a comprehensive overview in the initial chapter, we now pivot toward in this chapter, where our focus shifts to a more detailed exploration of the microscopic mechanisms at play. This subsequent chapter will expose heat radiation of polaritons not only from the microscopic viewpoint but also in the different dimensionalities.