Analysing Circular Economy Using Circularity Metrics in Europe: Towards a Sustainable Development

After the EU aims to reach sustainable development goals (SGDs), the circular economy became one of the targets or strategies of some countries. However, the circular economy is not new to SDGs; we argue the pioneering idea of the circular economy in this paper. Following the circular economy idea, there was a new concern for measuring it. According to this concern, we discuss circularity metrics. At last, we investigate the progress of the circular economy in the European Union by using data on material flows for circular economy EU27 countries. The data are collected from Eurostat, and the results show that the willingness of the countries to have a circular economy has an impact on circular economy data. The second result is the existence of the negative effect of COVID-19 on the circular economy.