A Science Diplomacy Agenda for Sustainable Development Research

Science Diplomacy acknowledges the fact that global, commonly-shared problems are too urgent, large and complex to be solved by one or some nation-states. By the use of unconventional methods, such as systems analysis and decision science, science diplomacy spearheads advancements in tackling global challenges. Science diplomacy thereby combines the forces of research with diplomatic missions. Focus on scientific facts—while leaving aside political frictions and historical national denominations—allows science diplomats to complement traditional global governance effectively. Aspirational goals of sustainable development demand for scientific attention to complement traditional national diplomacy for reaching an international compromise. Science diplomacy advocates for addressing global goals of sustainable development through academic cooperation and scientific leadership. This paper captures the history of Science Diplomacy and presents a comparative measurement of the potential of different nations around the globe to lead and engage in Science Diplomacy based on their academia quota and institutions as well as their diplomatic relations in embassies, consulates and other representations abroad. The Science Diplomacy potential of countries to lead on climate stabilization will then be outlined based on the country-specific responsibility to protect the earth from climate change. The findings hold invaluable insights for advocating for science diplomacy to guide on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The qualitative strengths of certain science disciplines will be outlined for the pursuit of the SDGs in science diplomacy. Overall, science diplomacy advantages and success factors for implementing sustainable development in cooperation with conventional governance and corporate leadership are provided. The discussion closes with future perspectives and research avenues to advance the field of science diplomacy for the alleviation of the most pressing contemporary challenges.