Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors in Children

This chapter comprehensively explores extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs), a rare but impactful category of tumors affecting pediatric and young adult populations. Originating from primordial cells, EGCTs are typically found in the gonads but can also occur in extragonadal locations, primarily along the midline from the brain to the coccyx. The chapter also delves into the varied morphology of EGCTs, their prevalence, and the crucial role of tumor markers in diagnosis and subtyping. It offers detailed insights into different types of EGCTs, including sacrococcygeal, retroperitoneal, mediastinal tumors, cervical teratomas, and vaginal tumors. The chapter underscores the importance of local lesion control in EGCT management and the role of chemotherapy when primary tumor resection is not feasible or metastases are present. It concludes with a practical checklist for surgeons managing these rare tumors, providing a valuable resource for clinicians.