Mathematical Model of the Axial Gearbox of the ADM-1.3 Railcar Using the Recursive Least-Squares Method

Currently in operation is a diesel assembly railcar with two control cabins, which is designed to perform installation, repair and emergency repair work with voltage relief in the contact network, as well as to perform loading and unloading operations using a load-lifting crane, transporting various cargoes to own platform, on trailed railway platforms (cars), performing shunting work, transporting work crews, emergency supply of wires, fittings and other power supply products. All types of maintenance and repair, as well as electrical and mechanical tests of railcars, railcars and various mechanisms are carried out by personnel at power supply distances. Emergency recovery self-propelled vehicles must be maintained in constant readiness for work, therefore the task of improving operational characteristics and eliminating the causes of breakdowns of main components is relevant for mechanical engineering. This paper considers the statistical studies conducted for the period 2020–2021 in operation of the North Caucasus Railway where are explored 64% of railcars in modifications as ADM, ADM-1, ADM-1.3, 1ADM-1.3, 1ADM-1.3e, ADM-1.5. The others of the railcar fleet are waiting for repair. Moreover, as statistical data have shown, the main cause of breakdowns lies in the bearing units of the axial gearbox of the wheelset. The axial gearbox is designed to transmit torque from the cardan shafts to the wheelset axle. To solve the problem of determining the dynamics of an axial gearbox and assessing its elastic-dissipative characteristics, the authors use mathematical modeling, the method of transfer functions of the automatic control theory and the method of tribospectral identification in the friction processes.