TCP/IP Protocols and IP Routing

This chapter starts with an introduction of the OSIOSI model and the TCP/IP model. In addition, the operations of TCP/IP are explained using an example of two computers on an Ethernet network transferring an application file. In addition, a description of the Internet Protocol (IP) version 4 (IPv4), IP version 6 (IPv6), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) are provided followed by details of route setup and routing operations. Details of how Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is used to setup a loop-free Shortest Path Tree (SPT) routing path from the Source node to all Destination nodes in the network are provided. The protocol details of this chapter serve as the foundation of all networking systems and operations.