A Comprehensive Guide to Stopping Another Flood Calamity Using Geology and GIS Applications: Case Study Pakistan

Floods are often devastating natural tragedies affecting human lives, crops, livestock, and infrastructure. Excessive use of fossil fuels has a significant role in disturbing the planet's balance over the past century. Monsoon is the seasonal exchange in the wind that takes place because of the temperature difference between land and sea. Diversity in monsoon has been noticed since the rise of the Himalayas and Tibetan plateau. The persistence of flood calamities in Pakistan highlights the inadequacies of existing flood management strategies. Despite advancements in technology and scientific understanding, there remains a disconnect between geospatial information and its utilization in flood risk assessment, preparedness, and response. This study aims to bridge this gap by demonstrating the potential of geology and GIS applications in preventing future flood disasters. The research employs a multidisciplinary approach, integrating geological analysis, and previous literature, with GIS techniques to assess flood risk factors. Remote sensing data, geological surveys, and spatial analysis tools are utilized to identify vulnerable areas, predict flood scenarios, and optimize resource allocation for mitigation measures. The change in land areas is distinguished by the Landsat satellite data. These satellite data, pictures, and generation of the Digital Elevation Model were done using ArcGIS 10.3.1. Pakistan is located on the junction of three major tectonic plates, called Indian, Eurasian, and Arabian Plates. Through the application of geology and GIS methodologies, the study identifies high-risk flood zones, delineates floodplains, and evaluates the effectiveness of existing infrastructure for flood management. The results highlight the significance of incorporating geological insights into flood risk assessment models, enabling more accurate predictions and targeted interventions to minimize flood-related losses. The chief factor of floods in Pakistan is monsoon. As the map indicates, Pakistan is facing more floods due to its unique geographic location and geologic setting. Different factors that contribute to flooding are, rise in temperature, precipitation, glacier melting, and variation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The research findings have greater implications for flood management in various regions of Pakistan. By interlinking geology and GIS applications, urban planners, policymakers, and disaster management authorities can enhance their understanding to mitigate, anticipate, and respond to flood disasters, effectively.