A Novel Approach of Extended ORESTE-Based Linguistic Z Number MCGDM and Their Applications in the Ability of Regional Energy Assessment

The regional economy depends on energy for its growth and development. Energy and energy efficiency have a significant impact on society. The international community is concerned about the development and efficient use of energy. India has abundant energy resources, but they are insufficient per capita, unevenly distributed, and dominated by coal. This poses some energy security challenges for India. Therefore, improving energy efficiency is crucial for India’s sustainable development. In this paper, we present a new method of extended ORESTE-based linguistic Z number (LZN) multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) to address this problem. We propose a technique to determine the weights of experts based on their risk parameters. We then aggregate the experts’ opinions with their weights. We use the entropy method to derive the weights of criteria from the aggregated matrix. We combine the ORESTE method with the LZN information to develop a direct decision procedure for MCGDM. We demonstrate the feasibility and validity of our method with a numerical example of regional energy efficiency evaluation.