Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma (CC), a rare bile duct cancer, is categorized based on location into intrahepatic (ICC) and extrahepatic (ECC), including perihilar (PCC). Key risk factors include liver diseases like primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and certain genetic mutations. For diagnosis, imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT, MRI, and cholangiography are used, often complemented by biopsy. Staging is critical for determining treatment, with surgery being the primary curative option. Advanced cases might require palliative measures like stenting or chemotherapy, with gemcitabine and cisplatin being standard. Despite advances, the prognosis remains poor, especially for advanced stages. Research continues to explore better diagnostic markers, targeted therapies, and improved surgical techniques to enhance outcomes for CC patients.