Models of Network Delay

In this paper several mathematical models for end-to-end network delay are derived, where exponential wait times at intermediate network routers are assumed. The feasibility of using these models to extract parameters related to the routers is investigated by performing closure tests using synthetic data generated from the models themselves. Data from an experimental test bed is used to compare the different models. The fits are used to estimate the difference between network probe latencies. Specifically, a difference of 4.67 ± 0.27 \(\mu s\) is measured between a distinct pair of measurement probes across an experimental test bed.