Biochar-Based Adsorptive Materials for the Efficient Immobilisation of Cadmium in Contaminated Soils

Biochar is currently being investigated as an eco-friendly carbon material for Cd-contaminated soil remediation. Biochar is widely used for remediating soils polluted with Cd due to its excellent immobilisation characteristics. Biochar is effective in decreasing the plant uptake of Cd and its migration in the soil and hence is highly suitable for restoring agricultural soils. However, toxic metal species and soil properties at different contamination sites are very diverse, which might affect biochar remediation effect. There are problems associated with the immobilisation effect of biochar, for instance, uncertainty and instability.