Strabismus and Eye Motility Disorders

This chapter discusses squint (strabismus) and associated eye motility anomalies. Squint, characterized by misalignment of the eyes, affects about 4 percent of children (in Europe) and can persist into adulthood. The chapter delves into the fundamental prerequisites for understanding eye muscle diagnosis, motility disorders, and surgeries. It discusses the intricate mechanical system governing eye movements, including the role of various eye muscles and proprioceptive receptors. Furthermore, it examines the anatomical and physiological aspects of ocular motility, emphasizing the importance of binocular vision and fusion in perceiving three-dimensional images. The text also covers the distinction between concomitant and incomitant strabismus, detailing their etiology, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic considerations. By elucidating the complexities of ocular motility disorders, the chapter underscores the significance of early diagnosis and intervention, particularly in childhood, to mitigate visual impairments and optimize treatment outcomes.