Translating Authority: ‘Chaste Readers’ and Queenly Patrons of the Confessio Amantis and O Livro do Amante

The focus of this chapter is on the authority and influence of queens, specifically Philippa of Lancaster, in the reception and translation of John Gower’s Confessio Amantis into Portuguese and Castilian. The chapter explores the ideas of gendered reading practices and political counsel, highlighting the role of queens as models of good counsel and governance. The chapter discusses how the poem portrays women as assets to the development of a virtuous self and state, with queens serving as ensurers of textual lineage and counsellors to kings. The chapter also examines historical evidence of the intertwined discourses of queenship, dynasty and governance during the reign of Richard II, and Philippa’s involvement in promoting dynastic legitimacy and providing counsel. Additionally, the chapter delves into the Iberian reception of the Confessio, particularly in the context of Philippa’s patronage and the translation of the poem into Portuguese. The chapter concludes by connecting the textual history of O Livro do Amante with royal chronicles produced under royal patronage, emphasising the role of queens in ensuring dynastic legitimacy and providing counsel. The poem’s exploration of good counsel, chaste reading practices and the role of queens as political advisors resonates with historical figures like Philippa of Lancaster, who played a significant role in the dissemination of cultural and literary works across borders. Through its discussion of queenly authority, the chapter underscores the enduring impact of the Confessio and its translations on the political and cultural landscapes of medieval Europe.