Wireless Polysomnography Design to Identify Sleep Stages

This paper introduces wireless polysomnography (PSG) for identifying sleep stages. Polysomnography (PSG) is commonly employed to detect sleep stages as it records physiological signals continuously during a patient's sleep. However, the numerous wires associated with standard PSG often lead to sleep disruptions. The high cost and large size of conventional PSG devices make them unsuitable for home-based sleep monitoring. This research proposes the development and implementation of a wireless PSG system that offers both home and sleep center recording capabilities. The system consists of two main components: one part connects to the patient and comprises multiple small boards for collecting various physiological signals. These signals are then transmitted via radio frequency (RF) to another compact unit of the system for signal processing and display. The study covers essential bioelectrical signals and vital signs such as electromyography (EMG), electrooculography (EOG), and electroencephalography (EEG) during sleep monitoring. The system is comprised of two main components: hardware and software. The hardware includes various boards like EEG click for EEG signals, AD8232 for ECG signals, MAX30100 for SpO2, MaM SENSE for EOG measurement, and EMG board for chin EMG signal measurements. It also employs ESP-WROOM32 and Pro Mini microcontrollers to manage the system's functioning. On the other hand, the software part involves an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) used for programming the sensors to interface with the microcontrollers and for monitoring the results through serial communication. Six subjects (healthy and unhealthy) Four of them are females, and two are males. Their vital signs collected while they were awake and asleep at home. The signals from the proposed device resembled those from the traditional PSG. Also, the sleep stages were identified through the change that occurs in the vital signs during different periods of sleep.