Ocean Hunting
摘要
When just before the outbreak of World War I, the distinguished reformer of the Royal Navy, Admiral John Fisher, asked Churchill, then acting as the First Lord of Admiralty, about the consequences of Germany’s unrestricted use of submarines, Churchill replied that a civilized country would not dare such an action. Churchill should have probably recalled the answer to the same question given already in 1882 by the then French Navy Minister, Admiral Hyacinthe Théophile Aube. He refused to consider any legal restrictions if they did not correspond to the nature of weapons he considered useful: “War represents a denial of law… Everything is allowed and therefore legal, if it is directed against the enemy”. As a result of Gallipoli fiasco Churchill had no direct contact with the Navy when in February 1917 German U-Boots started an unrestricted submarine campaign, strictly according to the French admiral’s prescription. However, in the beginning of another world conflict, both Churchill and his earlier enemy, the German U-Boot, returned to their former positions.