Bombes
摘要
Napoleon used to say that waging war requires three things: money, money and more money. Since the Napoleonic campaigns the reality of armed conflicts has changed. Money preserves its position as the engine of the modern warfare, but information became its nerve. The value of information may vary for different participants of the conflict. Strength usually compensates for the lack of information: it is the stronger player who imposes initiative, creating rather than reacting to the facts. Even an accurate information does not represent considerable value for a party unable to join the game due to the limited resources. Information represents thus a natural weapon of the weaker side, which intends to continue fighting using its limited resources. After the fall of France, Great Britain became such a participant in the war. During the French campaign the British army did not suffer catastrophic number of casualties, but left on the beaches of Dunkirk practically all the equipment of the British Expeditionary Force: 475 tanks, 38 thousand vehicles, 1.000 guns, communication equipment, even soldiers’ personal weapons. At the beginning of June 1940, three combat ready divisions were stationed in the UK. The next fourteen divisions were in various stages of training. The crowds of soldiers evacuated from France required reequipping and reorganization from scratch. The Home Guard consisted largely of veterans of the Great War, so its members marched smoothly. However, troops equipped with pitchforks, hunting guns and knives would not be a match for German soldiers. Divisions transported from Australia, New Zealand and India came to an emergency stop in the Middle East, when it turned out that Egypt became an enclave squeezed between Italian armies in Libya and East Africa. With the news of Hitler’s victories in Europe Japan saw it fit to take up its own game and requested the Vichy government to hand over French colonies in Indochina to Japan. Thereafter the Japanese demanded that the British close the Burmese Way—the only artery permitting delivery of supplies to their Chinese adversaries.