Nutrigenomics, Metabolomics, and Lipidomics in Probiotic Sciences

Nutrients, probiotics, and microbial metabolites impact the health of the host through gene expression and metabolism. The nutrient-gene interaction has led to evolution of the dogma of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. The nutrigenomic studies describe the interaction between nutrients and genetic makeup of an individual and how the genes regulate nutritional requirements. Metabolomics is critical to detect the biochemical changes in body fluids, tissues, and organs besides identification of subgroups or metabotypes, provide personalized dietary recommendations, and use biochemical profile as markers of diseases. Likewise, the lipidomics studies lipids and concerned metabolites in biofluids and cells. Technologies and analytical instrumentation are vital to detect the impact of nutrients on host, diagnose illness based on biomolecules as markers, and evolve strategies to promote health.