Designer Probiotics and Postbiotics

Microorganisms have remarkable metabolic capabilities which make them potentially attractive candidates for food and pharmaceutical industry. Lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium butyricum, and yeasts such as Pichia pastoris are the mainstream probiotics which interact directly with host and maintain homeostasis. Genetic engineering and synthetic biology have enhanced bioprospecting of microbial resources. The probiotics equipped with altered genome, also called designer probiotics, are the futuristic candidates to prevent and cure cancer, infections, and inflammatory diseases. Although numerous genetically modified probiotics are already reported, designer probiotics intended for humans are under different phases of clinical trials.