Probiotics in Ruminants Nutrition

Utilization of forages and feed which humans cannot utilize is a distinctive feature of ruminants’ digestive system. Rumen fermentation efficiency is necessary to benefit health and production performance of ruminants. There is keen interest in the use of probiotics or direct fed microbial (DFM) in ruminants to increase and alter milk and meat production and quality. In addition, the probiotics lessen CH4 emissions from rumen fermentation. Molecular microbiology, genetic engineering, and bioinformatics are aimed to boost rumen efficiency. A growing number of probiotics and products containing probiotics and probiotic metabolites have been designed to reduce methane emission and benefit ruminant livestock production.