Gut Biotransformation of Phytometabolites

Ingested plant cell wall polysaccharides and phytochemicals, namely, polyphenols, saponins, phytoestrogens, and alkaloids during their passage through the alimentary canal are metabolized by microorganisms present in the large intestine and cecum. The resulting metabolites have added therapeutic benefits besides their direct impact on the diversity and metabolic activity of GI microbiota. Gut microbes that transform complex phytochemicals into biologically more active metabolites may be the futuristic supportive biotherapeutics to enhance the efficacy of plant-based formulations primarily for persons deficient in enzymes needed to utilize dietary ingredients. Understanding gut microbial biotransformation of phytochemicals and plant-based therapeutics with reference to their interaction with host may essentially pave the way to develop diet-based biotherapeutics and nutraceuticals to enhance immunity, and ameliorate infectious, non-infectious, and metabolic diseases.